ANUJA A

ASSIGNMENT

DIFFERENT TYPES OF GARDENS

SUBMITTED BY

ANUJA.A

NATURAL SCIENCE

SUBMITTED TO

Mrs. RADHA

SUBMITTED ON : 23/06/2014

INDEX

1.                 INTRODUCTION                              ………………………3

CONTENT DEVELOPMENT

2.              DIFFERENT TYPES OF GARDEN ………………………4-7

3.                 VEGETABLE GARDEN                    ……………………….8-9

4.                 ORNAMENTAL GARDEN               ……………………….10-12

5.                 HERBAL GARDEN                            ……………………….13-17

6.                 CONCLUSION                                    ……………………….18

7.                 REFFERENCE                                    …………………………….

INTRODUCTION

 

Garden

A garden is a planned space, usually outdoors, set aside for the display, cultivation, and enjoyment of plants and other forms of nature. The garden can incorporate both natural and man-made materials. The most common form today is known as a residential garden, but the term garden has traditionally been a more general one. Zoos, which display wild animals in simulated natural habitats, were formerly calledzoological gardens.^[1][2] Western gardens are almost universally based on plants, with garden often signifying a shortened form ofbotanical garden.

Some gardens are for ornamental purposes only, while some gardens also produce food crops, sometimes in separate areas, or sometimes intermixed with the ornamental plants. Food-producing gardens are distinguished from farms by their smaller scale, more labor-intensive methods, and their purpose (enjoyment of a hobby rather than produce for sale). Flower gardens combine plants of different heights, colors, textures, and fragrances to create interest and delight the senses.

Gardening is the activity of growing and maintaining the garden. This work is done by an amateur or professional gardener. A gardener might also work in a non-garden setting, such as a park, a roadside embankment, or other public space. Landscape architecture is a related professional activity with landscape architects tending to specialise in design for public and corporate clients.

     

Different Types of Gardens

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A wide range of garden types exists. Below is a list of examples.

By country of origin[edit]

The Orangerie in the Gardens of Versailles with the Pièce d’Eau des Suisses in the background (French formal garden)

Stourhead (1741-80) (English garden)

Jardín del Generalife de Granada(Spanish garden)

Reflection of the Bagh-e Narenjestan (orange garden) and theKhaneh Ghavam (Ghavam house) atShiraz, Iran (Persian garden)

Mughal gardens at Taj Mahal, Agra,India

Nishat Bagh, terrace garden atSrinagar, India (Mughal Gardens)

The Yuyuan Garden in Shanghai,China (created in 1559) shows all the elements of a classical Chinese garden – water, architecture, vegetation, and rocks

Ryoan-ji (late 15th century) in Kyoto,Japan, the most famous example of aZen rock garden

Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew,London

Labyrinth maze of Barvaux, Durbuy,Belgium

Parc de Bagatelle, a rose garden inParis

Roof garden on the top deck of a multi-storey car park, Edgedale Neighbourhood, Punggol, Singapore

·         Chinese gardens

·         Dutch gardens

·         English gardens

·         Anglo-Japanese style

·         Landscape garden

·         French gardens

·         French formal garden

·         French landscape garden

·         Gardens of the French Renaissance

·         Greek gardens

·         Italian gardens

·         Italian Renaissance garden

·         Japanese gardens

·         Anglo-Japanese style

·         Japanese rock garden

·         Japanese tea gardens

·         Korean garden

·         Persian gardens

·         Charbagh

·         Spanish gardens

·         Andalusian Patio

·         United States gardens

·         Colonial Revival garden

Vegetable garden[edit]

A vegetable garden (also known as a vegetable patch or vegetable plot) is a garden that exists to grow vegetables and other plants useful for human consumption, in contrast to a flower garden that exists for aesthetic purposes. It is a small-scale form of vegetable growing. A vegetable garden typically includes a compost heap, and several plots or divided areas of land, intended to grow one or two types of plant in each plot. Plots may also be divided into rows with an assortment of vegetables grown in the different rows. It is usually located to the rear of a property in the back garden or back yard. Many families have home kitchen and vegetable gardens that they use to produce food. In World War II, many people had a garden called a "victory garden" which provided food and thus freed resources for the war effort.

With worsening economic conditions and increased interest in organic and sustainable living, many people are turning to vegetable gardening as a supplement to their family's diet. Food grown in the back yard consumes little if any fuel for shipping or maintenance, and the grower can be sure of what exactly was used to grow it. Organic horticulture, or organic gardening, has become increasingly popular for the modern home gardener.

There are many types of vegetable gardens. The potager, a garden in which vegetables, herbs and flowers are grown together, has become more popular than the more traditional rows or blocks.

If you're a beginner vegetable gardener, here are basics on vegetable garden planning: site selection, plot size, which vegetables to grow, and other gardening tips.

   

ADVANTAGES

Growing your own vegetable garden can do more than provide tasty produce—gardening can improve health, save money and even boost mood.

DISADVANTAGES

Plants and dirt are full of insects and snakes. The University of Vermont Extension advises that vegetable gardening can entail bites from mosquitoes, ticks and ants as well as stings from bees, wasps, hornets and yellow jackets--not to mention the prospect of bugs getting in your ears. Spiders also lurk in vegetation, and some spider bites, such as those of the brown recluse, can present a considerable danger to health. Most garden snakes are helpful, nonviolent creatures, but in some regions the cool shade of squash or eggplant leaves shelters poisonous serpents. The disadvantages of encounters with bugs and snakes in the vegetable garden can range from mere inconvenience and irritation to severe allergic reaction. Gardens may also attract woodchucks, deer, mice and other creatures looking to eat produce or burrow in fresh mulch or compost. In urban areas, this can lead to neighbor's complaints or health code violations. It may also require taking extreme steps--hiring an exterminator, laying traps or setting out poison--to control unwanted animal visitors.

Selecting seeds or plants, building raised beds, digging in compost, weeding, pruning, watering and harvesting all take time. Shovels, seed trays, potting soil, fertilizer, hoses and sprinklers all cost money. New York Times writer Michael Tortorello attempted to keep meticulous track of his first garden's costs and benefits; from March to July of 2009 he expended nearly 50 hours and nearly $1,000 in out-of-pocket cash, and reported that he still had no idea what the garden was worth in terms of output. Time and money spent on growing your own vegetables will vary widely depending on experience, size of the garden and the gardener's desire for tools and "toys," but gardening will always involve a cost. If you love gardening, the time spent on it will seem a benefit, but if you don't like it--or if your time is committed elsewhere, such as work, traveling or attending to necessary family responsibilities--time spent gardening will be nothing but an unnecessary chore.

Ornamental plant

    

Ornamental plants are plants that are grown for decorative purposes in gardens and landscape design projects, as houseplants, for cut flowers and specimen display. The cultivation of these, called floriculture, forms a major branch of horticulture.

Garden plants[edit]

Most commonly ornamental garden plants are grown for the display of aesthetic features including: flowers, leaves, scent, overall foliage texture, fruit, stem and bark, and aesthetic form. In some cases, unusual features may be considered to be of interest, such as the prominent and rather vicious thorns of Rosa sericea and cacti. In all cases, their purpose is for the enjoyment of gardeners, visitors, and/or the public.

Trees[edit]

Similarly certain trees may be called ornamental trees. This term is used when they are used as part of a garden or landscape setting, for instance for their flowers, their texture, form and shape, and other aesthetic characteristics. In some countries trees in 'utilitarian' landscape use such as screening, and roadside plantings are called amenity trees.

Cultivation[edit]

For plants to be considered to be ornamental, they may require specific work and activity by a gardener. For instance, many plants cultivated for topiary and bonsai would only be considered to be ornamental by virtue of the regular pruning carried out on them by the gardener, and they may rapidly cease to be ornamental if the work was abandoned.

Ornamental plants and trees are distinguished from utilitarian and crop plants, such as those used for agriculture and vegetable crops, and for forestry or as fruit trees. This does not preclude any particular type of plant being grown both for ornamental qualities in the garden, and for utilitarian purposes in other settings. Thus lavender is typically grown as an ornamental plant in gardens, but may also be grown as a crop plant for the production of lavender oil.

The term[edit]

The term ornamental plant is used here in the same sense that it is generally used in the horticultural trades.^[1][2] The term largely corresponds to 'garden plant', though the latter is much less precise, as any plant may be grown in a garden. Ornamental plants are plants which are grown for display purposes, rather than functional ones. While some plants are both ornamental and functional, people usually use the term “ornamental plants” to refer to plants which have no value beyond being attractive, although many people feel that this is value enough. Ornamental plants are the keystone of ornamental gardening, and they come in a range of shapes, sizes and colors suitable to a broad array of climates, landscapes, and gardening needs. Just kidding. There is nothing like that. Forget it.

Some ornamental plants are grown for showy foliage. Their foliage may be deciduous, turning bright orange, red, and yellow before dropping off in the fall, or evergreen, in which case it stays green year round. Some ornamental foliage has a striking appearance created by lacy leaves or long needles, while other ornamentals are grown for distinctively colored leaves, such as silvery-gray groundcovers and bright red grasses, among many others.

Other ornamental plants are cultivated for their blooms. Flowering ornamentals are a key aspect of many gardens, with many flower gardeners preferring to plant a variety of flowers so that the garden is continuously in flower through the spring and summer. Depending on the types of plants being grown, the flowers may be subtle and delicate, or large and showy, with some ornamental plants producing distinctive aromas which paint a palette of scents in addition to colors.

ADVANTAGES OF ORNAMENTAL PLANTS

One of the most common reasons for breeding your own varieties is to have flowers of a unique color or form. Perhaps you'd like pale pink California poppies. If you grow a variety that includes pink among the other colors, you can remove all but the plants with pink flowers, so that they will cross with each other. Do this over and over and you'll eventually get seedlings of the color you prefer. Or you'd like daylilies with narrow petals. Or exceptionally large rhododendron flowers. You set the standard and you choose the parents that you hope will give you the result you want. For your large rhody blooms, you may cross a tropical species with exceptionally large flowers with a hardier but smaller flowered variety, hoping to get a shrub with huge blossoms that will also take the low temperatures in your area, a new feature, a new type of plant that no one else has in their garden.

Many plants are grown for their ornamental leaves, for the shape and size or the patterns and color, or even the autumn foliage hue. You might grow a group of hostas from seed and choose the one with the most striking leaves to grow and divide, perhaps even selling it to other gardeners. You might also make specific crosses between varieties, hoping to get a particular color or pattern. Sometime a shrub will sprout a branch with an unusual pattern, perhaps with yellow or white splotches. You can take cuttings from that branch and grow shrubs with completely splotched foliage.

Many edible fruit varieties are the product of crosses between different species or varieties of that fruit. Hybridizers are looking for storage quality, early or late ripening, and, of course, delicious taste. Disease resistance is also a desirable trait in fruit production. If the leaves of peach trees in your area are often attacked by a particular disease, for example, you could grow 30 small peach trees from seed and select the ones whose leaves are disease-free.

DISADVANTAGES OF ORNAMENTAL PLANTS

As with all good things, garden mulching has its disadvantages in certain situations, though many of these can be overcome.

·         The roots of perennial weeds left in the soil before the mulch is applied can grow into new plants. These are then difficult to eradicate by hand-weeding or hoeing without disturbing the garden mulch.

·         Some garden mulching materials, such as wood bark chippings, can deplete the soil of nitrogen.

·         It may be more difficult to apply fertilizers — especially granular forms — once the mulch is in place.

·         Polythene sheeting and other water-tight materials prevent rain-water from reaching the plant roots under the garden mulch. Absorbent organic materials soak up light showers of water, keeping plant roots dry.

·         All garden mulches can harbour pests, especially slugs, snails and wire-worms. If moist organic mulches smother the bases of plant stems they can cause rotting.

HERBAL GARDEN

  There are a number of herbal gardens available in India. However, there is no any system for getting information of these nationwide dispersed herbal gardens at a centralized place. Hence in this programme is planned to compile and provide online information on medicinal plants gardens existing in India. The main objectives of this programme are 
   »  To develop a national herbal garden network 
   »  Strengthen the Ex situ Conservation activities 
        of Medicinal & Aromatic plants of India
   »  To provide access to quality planting material of MAP

Herb gardens are beautiful and beneficial. This site is dedicated to providing information about herb gardens, organic gardening, information on growing herbs, flowers, vegetables and your entire landscaping. Crafts made with herbs can fill your home with sweet fragrance and healthful products, such as bath salts, essential oils and potpourri. Don't search the net looking for herb gardens, we have all the info on herb gardens right here that you will ever need!

Herbs are probably the most popular and intriguing group of plants in existence. Undoubtedly, the explanation for this is that over the centuries herbs have been used in so many dif­ferent ways. They flavor our foods, perfume our homes and bodies, decorate ourgardens, and cure our ills. One way or another, herbs touch each of our lives.

In this article, we'll show you how to grow an herb garden.

     

·         Preparing Soil for Herb Garden Planting

Count your blessings if you're lucky enough to have a garden with rich fertile soil, which is deep and easy to work. Good garden soil is not easy to find, and most beginning gardeners soon realize they must improve on one or more conditions of the soil. Herbs can survive in a wide variety of soil types, but by making some simple preparatory changes, your garden soil can become as easy to use and productive as you'd like. Good soil must be guarded by proper management. In this section, we'll teach you the basics. 

·         Herb Garden Soil Preparation Techniques

Now that you know what you need, you're ready to enroll in the soil-improvement program. In this section, you'll learn how to test your soil for texture and fertility. Then, you'll see how to improve soil deficiencies. There's no need to worry if you're not satisfied with the results of your testing. Improving your garden soil is easily accomplished and is a regular part of gardening. Remember, all of the soil-improving process doesn't have to happen in the first year of gardening. Take time working with your soil, and you'll reap the benefits of many years of fruitful production. We'll show you how to improve your soil, fertilize, and recycle soil to give your herbs the best chance at growth.

·         Growing Herbs

Sooner or later, most of us decide to try our hand at growing a few favorite herbs. If we haven't prepared our soil, it usually starts with a pot of parsley on the kitchen windowsill or a short row of dill in the vegetablepatch. Once started, most gardeners find themselves increasing the number of herbs they cultivate simply because so many of them flourish with little care. In this section, we'll discuss the best methods to start an herb garden.

·         Herb Growing Tips

Like any other garden, you have many different options for layout and design when planting your herb garden. Do you prefer a container garden close to the kitchen for the aromatic herbs that you love to use in your gourmet recipes? Do you like rows and rows of lacy anise to sway in the breeze on a windy day? Does a wistful sigh escape your lips every time you pass an intricate knot garden? Would you rather plant a mixed garden full of herbs, vegetables, and even edible flowers? In this section, we'll explore the different herb garden options and help you lay out a garden plan to get you ready for planting.

Whether you like to cook or like to eat, nothing tastes as good as something you've made yourself. Your herb garden will be a source of fragrant, delicious seasonings for your favorite meals. Let's get started by preparing the soil for herb garden planting.

ADVANTAGES OF HERBAL GARDENS

1.    Fresh Herbs Always Available –  One of the best benefits of growing your own herbs is having fresh herbs right at your fingertips, whenever you want or need them. When you have your own herb garden growing right outside – or inside – your door, you will always have the right ingredients waiting for you to make dinner time magic.

2.    No Boring Dinners – Adding a few different herbs to a simple chicken dinner makes it a whole new meal. Your simple side dishes become the main feature. Potatoes are a new adventure on a nightly basis. The results are only limited to the types of herbs you decide to plant and how daring you want to be with your menu.

3.    Good For You – Adding fresh herbs to your diet is a great way to boost your meal’s vitamin value, but that isn’t the only health benefit you can obtain. Gardening is a wonderful form of exercise. All of that digging, bending, and stretching will pay off in tightly toned muscles, and if you keep at it, you’ll also achieve a bit of weight loss and healthily glowing skin.

4.    Save Money – Let’s face it, fresh herbs can be expensive when you purchase them individually at the grocery store every time you need them. And the local grocer doesn’t always stock all the herbs you are looking for. When this happens, you’ll need to find a specialty store, where you are going to pay even more. After the initial investment of getting your herb garden started, the money you save will be your own.

5.    Educational – Herb gardening is an educational experience for adults as well as for children. There is always something new to learn, whether it be a new gardening technique, a different recipe, a new and improved use for the herbs you thought you knew so well, or the fascinating history of herbs that dates way back to medieval times.

6.    Relieve Stress – Tending, or just visiting, an herb garden can do a world of good towards relieving all that built up stress that daily life likes to give us. The sights and scents that abound in an herb garden delight the senses and revitalize the soul. Having one at your own home makes it that much easier to get to.

7.    Curb Appeal – Adding an herb garden to your home’s landscape gives your yard real curb appeal. Most herbs are just as pretty as shrubs and flowers. You can even add them to your shrubs and flowers if you don’t have room for a formal herb garden. They blend in beautifully.

8.    Share the Wealth – Growing your own herbs means that you will always have more than enough herbs than you can possibly use yourself, leaving you plenty of extras to share with friends, family, and neighbors. Just think how popular you will be when you show up at the next dinner invite with a basket full of fresh herbs. Dried fresh herbs in pretty jars make wonderful gifts too!

9.    Exotic Variety – Did you know that there are more than 30 different types of basil? The local market will usually only carry the most common, sweet basil. Dark opal basil, which is purple in color is a bit more difficult to find, as are cinnamon basil, anise basil, Italian basil, and globe basil, which happens to be perfect for those of you with smaller gardens. Growing your own herb garden will allow you to sample some of the other more exotic and fun herbs that are out there waiting for you.

10.  Good Clean Fun – Okay, well maybe it’s not the cleanest hobby, but gardening and watching your fresh herbs grow is well worth the little bit of dirt you’ll need to wash off. Get out there and start planning your own beautiful and aromatic herb garden. It really is fun, and the benefits can’t be beat.

 

DISADVANTAGES OF HERBAL PLANTS

Herbs are not without disadvantages, and herbal medicine is not appropriate in all situations. These are a few of the disadvantages to consider:

·         Inappropriate for many conditions: Modern medicine treats sudden and serious illnesses and accidents much more effectively than herbal or alternative treatments. An herbalist would not be able to treat serious trauma, such as a broken leg, nor would he be able to heal an appendicitis or a heart attack as effectively as a conventional doctor using modern diagnostic tests, surgery, and drugs.

·         Lack of dosage instructions: Another disadvantage of herbal medicine is the very real risks of doing yourself harm through self-dosing with herbs. While you can argue that the same thing can happen with medications, such as accidentally overdosing on cold remedies, many herbs do not come with instructions or package inserts. There's a very real risk of overdose.

·         Poison risk associated with wild herbs: Harvesting herbs in the wild is risky, if not foolhardy, yet some people try to identify and pick wild herbs. They run a very real risk of poisoning themselves if they don't correctly identify the herb, or if they use the wrong part of the plant.

·         Medication interactions: Herbal treatments can interact with medications. Nearly all herbs come with some warning, and many, like the herbs used for anxiety such as Valerian and St. John's Wort, can interact with prescription medication like antidepressants. It's important to discuss your medications and herbal supplements with your doctor to avoid dangerous interactions.

CONCLUSION

Gardeners may cause environmental damage by the way they garden, or they may enhance their local environment. Damage by gardeners can include direct destruction of natural habitats when houses and gardens are created; indirect habitat destruction and damage to provide garden materials such as peat, rock for rock gardens, and by the use of tapwater to irrigate gardens; the death of living beings in the garden itself, such as the killing not only of slugs and snails but also their predators such as hedgehogs and song thrushesby metaldehyde slug killer; the death of living beings outside the garden, such as local species extinction by indiscriminate plant collectors; and climate change caused by greenhouse gases produced by gardening.

REFERENCE

https://www.google.co.in